Introduction The Eighteenth Amendment of the Constitution of Pakistan was passed by the National Assembly of Pakistan on April 8, 2010, and came into effect on 19th April 2010. This Amendment to the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, 1973 is not only a major change in the powers…

Introduction The present is by and large an unfinished agenda of the past. What are the main features of the political economy of Pakistan that have been the result of the initial conditions Pakistan inherited as a colonial heritage in 1947 and the policies and strategies adopted by the 23…

Abstract Whether peace is a norm while war is an aberration or it is the other way round, is a controversial topic. To some, war is deeply woven into our history, or even our genes as fear is a motivator to war. …

Introduction The importance of a positive global image of a country defined by Martin and Eroglu “as the total of all descriptive, inferential and informational beliefs one has about a particular country”, cannot be overemphasised. Whether it is the question of access to foreign markets for increasing exports and importing…

Abstract Pakistan like any other country has been facing multiple challenges emanating from different sources-internal as well as external. Using an interdisciplinary approach, we can list the following seven challenges of Pakistan namely State Building and Institutions Strengthening Nation Building and Cultural Assimilation Economic Growth with Social Justice Democratic Development…

What is a Cold War? A Cold War is a state of conflict between nations that does not involve direct military action but is pursued primarily through economic and political actions, propaganda, acts of espionage or proxy wars waged by surrogates. In International relations literature, it is the period between…

Introduction Slavery in America began in 1619 when the first African slaves were brought to the North American colony of Jamestown, Virginia, to produce an extremely lucrative cash crop of tobacco. Soon it spread to the other American colonies and remained in practice throughout the 17th and 18th centuries. While…

Introduction The American Civil Rights Movement was a more than a century-long struggle for the African Americans and other minorities of the USA to gain the fundamental human rights enjoyed by the white Americans. Examples of civil rights include the right to vote, the right to a fair trial, the…

Introduction It is a misfortune that the Feminism Movement which aims to achieve political, economic, personal, and social rights for women, has gotten such a negative image. …